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class="docItemContainer_Djhp"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/wiki/基础知识/"><span itemprop="name">基础知识</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/wiki/基础知识/科普/"><span itemprop="name">科普</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">DNS</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>DNS</h1></header>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="背景知识">背景知识<a href="#背景知识" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 背景知识" title="Direct link to 背景知识"></a></h2>
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<p>因为计算机网络上 的计算机彼此之间只能用 IP 地址才能相互识别，这就导致了一个问题，IP 地址很难被人们记住，举个例子，我们中山学院网络维护科的官网的 IP 地址是 <code>47.52.33.166</code> ，记住这个 IP 地址是困难的。</p>
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<p>于是互联网的前辈们想了一个方法，用域名来进行访问，例如访问 <code>www.zsxyww.com</code> 就可以访问到网维的官网，不需要去记住 IP 地址了，<code>www.zsxyww.com</code> 这个有意义的字段很容易记住（中山学院网维的拼音缩写嘛）。</p>
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<p>然后问题就来了：计算机之间只能用 IP 地址识别，我们使用域名，计算机没法识别怎么办？</p>
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<p>对于这个问题，互联网前辈们想了个法子，使用 DNS 服务器作为一个中介，我们使用浏览器访问 <code>www.zsxyww.com</code> 的时候，会先请求 DNS 服务器获取该域名对应的计算机的 IP 地址，然后与该 IP 地址对应的计算机（网维服务器）沟通。</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="定义">定义<a href="#定义" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 定义" title="Direct link to 定义"></a></h2>
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<p>DNS 是进行域名和与之相对应的 IP 地址转换的服务器。DNS 中保存了一张域名和与之相对应的 IP 地址的表，以解析消息的域名。</p>
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<p>简单来说就是 DNS 是一个服务器，能够返回域名对应的服务器的 IP 地址。</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="需要理解的简单的浏览器工作机制">需要理解的简单的浏览器工作机制<a href="#需要理解的简单的浏览器工作机制" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 需要理解的简单的浏览器工作机制" title="Direct link to 需要理解的简单的浏览器工作机制"></a></h2>
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<p><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="工作流程" src="/assets/images/dns-cd04f7df1a59ecfc7e8b3eb26c5e77e0.png" width="1152" height="660" class="img_ev3q"></p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="缓存机制">缓存机制<a href="#缓存机制" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 缓存机制" title="Direct link to 缓存机制"></a></h2>
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<p>为了节约资源及加快速度，互联网前辈还想了个 DNS 缓存机制。</p>
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<p>计算机会按照下列顺序方式进行查询</p>
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<ol>
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<li>浏览器缓存</li>
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<li>操作系统缓存</li>
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<li>各级 DNS 服务器(这边也有缓存)</li>
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</ol>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="日常工作相关">日常工作相关<a href="#日常工作相关" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 日常工作相关" title="Direct link to 日常工作相关"></a></h2>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>怎么判断是否是 DNS 的问题？</p>
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<p>特征就是使用 IP 地址能够正常访问（例如 QQ），而使用域名访问却没法访问。</p>
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<p>一般来说遇到的会是所有域名都没法访问，不过偶尔也会遇到部分域名能访问，部分域名没法访问的情况。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>怎么查询本地 DNS 缓存？</p>
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<ul>
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<li>查询浏览器缓存<!-- -->
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<ul>
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<li>Chrome 浏览器访问 <code>chrome://net-internals/#dns</code>，可查询浏览器缓存</li>
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<li>其他浏览器，网上找找方法吧</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>查询操作系统缓存<!-- -->
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<ul>
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<li>Windows 系统 使用命令 <code>ipconfig /displaydns</code> 查询，可以使用 <code>ipconfig /flushdns</code> 清除操作系统缓存</li>
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<li>macOS 系统 呃，网上找找方法吧</li>
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<li>Linux 系统 同上</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>怎么解决 DNS 的问题？</p>
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<p>更换 DNS 服务器、使用神器清除本机 DNS 缓存即可。</p>
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<p>常见的 DNS 服务器地址：</p>
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