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itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active"><span class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="name">网线</span><meta itemprop="position" content="3"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>网线</h1></header>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="介绍">介绍<a href="#介绍" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 介绍" title="Direct link to 介绍"></a></h2>
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<p>以太网（有线网）的连接离不开网线，但是，网线究竟是什么，它的内部原理是什么样呢？</p>
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<p>一般电脑所发送和接受的网络信息，本质上是变化的弱电流，所以，所有网线本质上都是一种电线。</p>
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<p>首先，今天我们所说的网线，是指双绞线，这种线内部有互相绝缘的一对电线互相缠绕（一般以顺时针缠绕），再绞合成螺旋状</p>
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<p>一对线通常有一根颜色线和对应的白线组成，这两根线组成一对差分信号（即信息的值不是哪根线的绝对数值，而是两根线数值之差，这样有利于减缓干扰）</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="rj-45接口">RJ-45接口<a href="#rj-45接口" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to RJ-45接口" title="Direct link to RJ-45接口"></a></h2>
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<p>网线通常的连接器标准叫做8P8C(也叫RJ-45),指这种接口有8个位置（Position，指8个凹槽）、8个触点（Contact，指8个金属接点）。 适用于RJ-45的双绞线内部通常有4对线绞，按照TIA/EIA-568标准，这四对的颜色分别是：橙色，蓝色，绿色，棕色</p>
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<p>这种接头就是常说的“水晶头”，它的接口从左到右的功能如下：</p>
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<ol>
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<li>TX_D1+ （发送数据+）</li>
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<li>TX_D1- （发送数据-）</li>
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<li>RX_D2+ （接收数据+）</li>
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<li>BI_D3+ （双向数据+）</li>
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<li>BI_D3- （双向数据-）</li>
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<li>RX_D2- （接收数据-）</li>
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<li>BI_D4+ （双向数据+）</li>
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<li>BI_D4- （双向数据-）</li>
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</ol>
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<p>在百兆以太网（Fast Ethernet、10/100M Ethernet）中，仅使用1、2、3、6这四根线，以差分信号传输方式减少电磁干扰，其中1、2为TX(发送)（拧在一起），3、6为RX（接收）拧在一起。</p>
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<p>所以，只需要1,2,3,6这些线正常，就可以满足最基本的上网需求</p>
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<h3 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="tiaeia-568a和tiaeia-568b">TIA/EIA-568A和TIA/EIA-568B<a href="#tiaeia-568a和tiaeia-568b" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to TIA/EIA-568A和TIA/EIA-568B" title="Direct link to TIA/EIA-568A和TIA/EIA-568B"></a></h3>
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<p>T568A或T568B标准规定了双绞线的8根线接入RJ-45接口时的线序。</p>
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<p>两个标准的区别是：发送信号的一对线与接收信号的一对线交换了位置。习惯上为10或100 Mbit/s 以太网缠绕线缆是依据T568A或T568B标准。</p>
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<p>线缆一端为TIA-568A标准缠绕而另一端以TIA-568B标准缠绕通常被称为交叉缆线。一根交叉线连接起来的两台设备，设备1的网卡的发送端连接到了设备2的网卡的接收端，同样设备1的网卡的接受端连接到了设备2的网卡的发送端。
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对于10M网与100M网，不同性质的设备相连（如计算机与交换机之间）要使用交叉线。对于千兆网，使用了全部8根线的交叉线相连。</p>
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<p>准确地来说：如果设备使用与接受数据不同的引脚发送数据，则使用直连线。如果设备使用相同的引脚发送数据，则使用交叉线。</p>
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<p>现在的交换机的各端口一般都能自动识别并自适应交叉线及平行线。因此，仅使用交叉线基本能适应各种情形。</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="poe">PoE<a href="#poe" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to PoE" title="Direct link to PoE"></a></h2>
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<p>网线的本质就是电线，其实网线也可以用来传输电力，作为电源线使用，这种操作叫做以太网供电(PoE,Power Over Ethernet)</p>
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<p>这对于一些需要方便布线的设备有很大的帮助，以前，除了拉网线，还要拉一根电源线，有了PoE之后，就可以用网线解决所有事情</p>
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<p>标准化的PoE方案有三种：</p>
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<p>模式A:将电能全部加到数据传输线路上，用一根线同时传输数据和电力，这需要用于对连接速度有较高要求的网络上，这时需要用到全部4对线</p>
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<p>（由于数据传输使用的是差分信号，所以对数据传输没有太大的影响）</p>
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<p>模式B:用1,2,3,6传输数据，用4,5,7,8运送电力，这适合对网速要求不高的情况</p>
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<p>4PPoE:使用全部的4对线传输电力，通常需要用在高性能设备上</p>
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<h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id=" 参考">参考<a href="#参考" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to 参考" title="Direct link to 参考"></a></h2>
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<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/8P8C" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/8P8C</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E4%BE%9B%E7%94%B5" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91%E4%BE%9B%E7%94%B5</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/TIA/EIA-568" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/TIA/EIA-568</a></p>
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<p><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/%E5%8F%8C%E7%BB%9E%E7%BA%BF%E4%BB%A5%E5%A4%AA%E7%BD%91</a></p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/ZSCNetSupportDept/website/tree/master/docs/wiki/05-基础知识/09-科普/网线是什么.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"><span class="theme-last-updated">Last updated<!-- --> on <b><time datetime="2025-06-13T19:54:13.000Z" itemprop="dateModified">Jun 13, 2025</time></b></span></div></div></footer></article><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/wiki/基 础知识/科普/DNS"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">DNS</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/wiki/故障/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">错误</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#介绍" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">介绍</a></li><li><a href="#rj-45接口" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">RJ-45接口</a><ul><li><a href="#tiaeia-568a和tiaeia-568b" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">TIA/EIA-568A和TIA/EIA-568B</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="#poe" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">PoE</a></li><li><a href="#参考" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">参考</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer footer--dark"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2025 ZSCNetworkSupport,Built with Docusaurus.</div></div></div></footer></div>
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